Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops

Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops (commonly abbreviated to MPO) is a stealth action game directed by Masahiro Yamamoto and produced by Noriaki Okamura and series creator Hideo Kojima. Portable Ops was developed by Kojima Productions and published by Konami in 2006 for the PlayStation Portable. It is the fourth Metal Gear title for the PSP and the first one to retain the series' action-based gameplay. It was the first canonical outing of the series for a portable platform, being a direct sequel to Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater. This is also the first game to utilize graphic novel inspired cutscenes.

In 2014, series creator Hideo Kojima stated that while the overall story of the game was canonical, the small details "deviate [quite a bit] from the Metal Gear Saga." The following year, he stated in another interview that only games he had "personally designed and produced" were part of the Metal Gear saga, and did not include Portable Ops as a part of this list. The game was also noticeably absent from the most recent version of the Metal Gear timeline published by Konami.

Set in 1970 in South America, six years after the events of Metal Gear Solid 3, the game follows the exploits of Big Boss after his former unit, FOX, goes renegade. The game also chronicles the eventual founding of FOXHOUND, as well as the inspiration of the military state Outer Heaven.

According to Kojima, Portable Ops 's official abbreviation, MPO, was intended to stand for "Metal Gear People Online," paralleling how Metal Gear Online was abbreviated MGO.

Plot
Six years after the events of Operation Snake Eater, Naked Snake's former team, FOX, has broken their allegiance with the CIA and gone renegade. Snake himself is also targeted by the FOX unit, which sent renegade FOX unit soldiers to attack and capture him. Snake is tortured and interrogated by one of the members of FOX, Lieutenant Cunningham, who's trying to locate the whereabouts of the missing half of the Philosophers' Legacy, with the United States Government having already acquired the other half of the Legacy from the Soviet Union at the conclusion of Operation Snake Eater. Snake is imprisoned in a cell next to Roy Campbell, the sole survivor of an American Green Beret team sent in to investigate the base. Snake learns through Campbell that they're on the San Hieronymo Peninsula, the site of an abandoned Soviet missile silo in Colombia.

The two escape and Snake makes his way to a communications base, where he attempts to contact his old CO, Major Zero. Instead, he is greeted by his old FOX comrades Para-Medic and Sigint, who reveal that Snake and Zero are being accused of instigating the revolt and that the only way for Snake to clear their name is to find and apprehend the leader of the rebellion, Gene. To complicate matters, Gene has also convinced most of the Russian soldiers stationed on the base to join their side by simply taking over the chain of command of a former Red Army unit, that was secretly stationed inside the Colombian territory. In order to complete his mission, Snake must persuade enemy soldiers to join his ranks.

Gameplay
Unlike the previous games on the PSP, Metal Gear Acid and Metal Gear Acid 2, which were turn-based tactical games with stealth elements, Portable Ops retains the action-based gameplay of the console iterations, drawing heavily from Metal Gear Solid 3 and utilizing the camera system from Metal Gear Solid 3: Subsistence.

The main addition of Portable Ops is the Comrade System. Instead of the solo missions from previous games, Portable Ops uses a squad-based approach, with Naked Snake having to recruit allies to form a team of trained specialists. Before each mission, the player must compose a four-man squad. The squad is then sent into battle. Each member of Snake's squad has their own strengths and weaknesses. While some units are best utilized on the battlefield, others may specialize in producing items, healing allies, or providing intel for each of the game's maps.

During gameplay, the player controls only one squad member at a time. Squad members not in use will hide themselves inside a cardboard box, and can be swapped into play when the player-controlled character finds a hiding spot, where they can hide in their own cardboard box. The player uses a different weapon/item equipping system.

Characters who are killed in combat are eliminated from the player's squad permanently unless they are unique characters such as Snake. Unique characters also include teammates that are bosses or supporting characters in the story. If a unique character's health is reduced to zero, they are sent to the infirmary, in order to recover. The player can also abort the mission.

A variety of methods can be employed to expand one's squad. If an enemy is tranquilized or stunned, they can be dragged to a waiting vehicle and captured. After a period of game time, the captured soldier will become a member of Snake's squad. Also, enemies can be dragged to an ally waiting in a cardboard box, where, through the use of a transeceiver frequency, they will be ordered to transport the enemy for the player, saving stamina. Alternately, by accessing the PSP in certain hotspots using the system's Wi-Fi feature, soldiers and even special bonus characters can be recruited. The PSP GPS Receiver can also be used for a similar effect. Because some of the player's recruits include former enemy soldiers, they can walk among the enemy undetected as long as the player avoids doing anything suspicious.

Another new feature is the surround indicator added to the game's HUD. Similar to the radar in previous games, the surround indicator allows the player to determine the relative proximity of enemies by the noise they make. The surround indicator is composed of two circles; the outer circle displays noises made by enemies and the inner circle displays noises made by the player.

The game also contains a Wi-Fi-enabled multiplayer mode, which is an expansion of the Metal Gear Online mode from Subsistence. One's performance in Online Mode may affect their performance in the single player campaign; the player can recruit and trade soldiers from defeated opponents or vice versa. Additionally, certain multiplayer options result in recruits being removed from one's single player roster permanently. In contrast to the console games in the series, the cutscenes are not rendered using the in-game engine. Instead, they are presented using an animated comic style consisting of hand drawn artwork by artist Ashley Wood. This style was previously used in Metal Gear Solid: Digital Graphic Novel. The game features voice acting, consisting of returning cast members from Metal Gear Solid 3 and new actors. However, the number of cutscenes and in-game voice sections are minimal due to the PSP's UMD storage capacity constrains.

Development
Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops was officially announced by Konami at E3 2006. Konami stated that the game would be set after Metal Gear Solid 3 but before Metal Gear, would feature online play, and would be released in late 2006. A trailer for the game was released as well. Finally, it was revealed that the game would take place in 1970 and would feature Big Boss as the main character.

In late August, Konami released more details about the game. They stated that the game would feature an online mode and a single-player mode that continued the canon Metal Gear story, unlike the previous PSP Metal Gear games Metal Gear Acid and Metal Gear Acid 2. As the player progressed through the game, Big Boss could recruit other characters to assist him. Each character would have attributes that set them apart from others, such as one excelling in a variety of combat skills. The game would feature FOX and expand on Para-Medic, Sigint, and Major Zero, with their respective voice actors returning. Artist Ashley Wood would be illustrating the game's cutscenes. Finally, they stated that the gameplay would be more akin to the Metal Gear Solid games than the Acid games.

In addition to the regular trailers, a special trailer known as The Missing Link was released that stated that Portable Ops would explain the reasons why Big Boss formed FOXHOUND, how Big Boss formed Outer Heaven, and why he'd turn against the world he once saved. The trailer also stated that not only would it continue the story of Metal Gear Solid 3, but it also would set the stage for Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots. Kojima echoed similar sentiments in his various commentaries.

Although Kojima did not direct the game, he served as a producer and general manager. Masahiro Yamamoto directed the game and light novelist Gakuto Mikumo wrote the game's script. In addition, Kojima also stated in a press release that Portable Ops was essential to the story of Metal Gear Solid 4, to the extent that he refused to allow Metal Gear Solid 4 's story to be finalized until after Portable Ops  's storyline was finalized, expressing that the reason behind it was that changing one of the storylines would require a change in the other.

In late November 2006, Ryan Payton stated that Kojima Productions developed the game with a brand new game engine based on the Metal Gear Solid 3: Subsistence engine. He also stated that the game would feature CQC and the ability to use enemies as shields and that the game would receive a sequel if the game's response was good. Payton reiterated that playing Portable Ops was essential in order to understand Metal Gear Solid 4 's story. Finally, he stated that the game wouldn't receive a PlayStation 2 port if it sold poorly.

In the European version of the game, extra spy missions were included along with a Boss Rush mode.

Music
Portable Ops also comes with a complete score done by Norihiko Hibino, Takahiro Izutani, Yoshitaka Suzuki, Kazuma Hinnouchi, Nobuko Toda and Akihiro Honda while Kazuma Hinnouchi, Nobuko Toda and Akihiro Honda who composed the ending theme- "Calling to the Night" but was arranged by Norihiko Hibino. The ending theme's vocals are provided by Natasha Farrow, and lyrics by Nobuko Toda. Harry Gregson-Williams was unable to help compose the game's music due to schedule conflicts with Tony Scott's film Déjà Vu and Kojima's Metal Gear Solid 4.

Bundles and Limited Editions
* Final cover art not depicted.

** The logos have Big Boss, a Soviet soldier, and a FOX agent saluting.

Portable Ops Plus
On July 17, 2007, Konami announced Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops Plus, a stand-alone expansion of the original game, focused on online play. Among its new features, the expansion includes new characters, new missions, tutorials for beginners, as well as a new single-player mode called "Infinity Mission."

In Japan, Portable Ops Plus was released on September 20, 2007 in two formats: the expansion on its own and as a deluxe package that includes the original game and the expansion. The North American version was released on November 13, 2007 and the European version was released on March 28, 2008.

The server for online play has been closed for both Portable Ops and Portable Ops Plus.

Re-release
In 2007, Portable Ops was included in the Japanese Metal Gear 20th Anniversary: Metal Gear Solid Collection to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the Metal Gear series.

In Europe and the UK, Portable Ops was released as double pack set along with another Konami labelled game which are either Silent Hill: Origins or Coded Arms.

Reception
Portable Ops received very positive reviews from critics. Metacritic gave the game a metascore of 87, while GameRankings gave the game an average of 86.95% based on 60 reviews. IGN gave Portable Ops a 9 out 10 saying "Portable Ops literally stretches the system to its limits, perhaps farther than any other game to date, making this title a must have for PSP owners." GameSpot gave Portable Ops a 9 out of 10. They praised the game for its story, open-ended gameplay, multiplayer options, presentation, graphics, sound, music, speech, and replay value. They criticized the game for its lack of 3D cutscenes, full speech, blood effects and its complicated control scheme.

Stance in the canon
While officially confirmed as a canonical installment in the series, Portable Ops is considered a spin-off game, despite the relative importance of events that occur in its storyline. As such, the events of Portable Ops has received notably little mention in official Konami press and media when compared to other installments in the series. This has caused some amount of confusion among the fanbase.

Portable Ops is not mentioned in the documentary Metal Gear Saga Vol. 2, though it is included in the timeline at the end, and footage is seen during the credits. The Metal Gear Solid 4 Database and timeline on the Metal Gear Solid 4 website also mentions Portable Ops. Likewise, Metal Gear Solid 4 itself frequently uses stills from Portable Ops in its cutscenes, which is especially apparent with the EVA and Liquid Ocelot montage cutscenes in Acts 3 and 5, respectively, alongside the rest of the games, and artwork for Portable Ops by Noriyoshi Ohrai likewise briefly appears in the church in Act 3 alongside other artwork by Ohrai, and some plot elements from Portable Ops are also referred to subtly (two notable examples being the revelation that Zero acquired the Philosophers' Legacy and founded the Patriots).

Despite being its chronological predecessor, the events of Portable Ops are barely acknowledged in Metal Gear Solid: Peace Walker, though it was included in the Metal Gear website's timeline during Peace Walker 's development. In addition, Kazuhira Miller says the line, "Now we can leave that crap at San Hieronymo behind," early in the Prologue mission of Peace Walker. This caused debate among fans, as to whether Miller was referring to the events of Portable Ops, in which he was not involved, or whether this statement debunked the events of that game altogether. Two maps from Portable Ops were also included in Peace Walker 's online mode, specifically the Silo Entrance and the Soviet Patrol Base.

Unlike Peace Walker, Portable Ops did not receive an HD update, and thus was not included in any version of the Metal Gear Solid: HD Collection or the Metal Gear Solid: The Legacy Collection. Kojima later revealed on Twitter that the reason why Portable Ops was not be included in The Legacy Collection is due to the fact that he was not directly involved in the game's development. As such, it remains confined to the PSP platform, while all other canonical games are playable on the PlayStation 3 console (the MSX2 games are included in Metal Gear Solid 3: Subsistence). It is also the only canonical Metal Gear Solid title to not be asked as a favorite of the player, in the upload screen of Metal Gear Solid: Snake Eater 3D. The MSX2 games are similarly not asked as a favorite of the player in the same game.

In a podcast for Kojima Productions, Kojima stated via his translator that Portable Ops is canon. The Saga timeline previously hosted on the series' official website, featured Portable Ops, although only as a brief footnote, with the MSX2 games given similar treatment. In addition, the Japanese Konami site had a 25th Anniversary timeline that omitted Portable Ops, although it was still included in the chronology section of the site.

In an interview on Twitch in March 2014, Kojima stated that while the core story of Portable Ops is canon, details that doesn't match with the other games in the series are not part of the main Metal Gear saga due to the fact that he didn't write the game's story.

The logo for Portable Ops appears on the wall of a building in the Déjà Vu/Jamais Vu bonus missions in Metal Gear Solid V: Ground Zeroes, with Miller commenting, "I don't think I remember that one." Miller makes the same remarks about other Metal Gear titles not directed by Kojima, which cannot be removed using the special flashlight-equipped rifle found during the mission, with Miller commenting that they're "nothing important."

It should be noted that Hideo Kojima's use of a Metal Gear timeline only reflects the games he personally was involved in their development, as well as whether they reflect his personal worldviews, philosophies, and messages rather than a direct indication of canon, which he made clear in the Japanese version of his response on Twitch in 2014, although the translation never made completely clear.

Series hallmarks omitted
Portable Ops is the only canonical installment in the series to omit certain features commonly associated with the 3D Metal Gear Solid games, and in some cases, the series as a whole:


 * The player character does not have the option to smoke a cigarette or cigar; Naked Snake does, however, briefly mention ordering a cigar during a certain recruiting sidequest.


 * There is no infinity bandana, or similar special items. However, unused data as well as various hacks indicated that the infinity bandana was intended to be implemented into the game.


 * Character name and voice actor credits are not shown when a character is first introduced.


 * The support characters do not shout the player character's name during a Game Over.


 * There is no camera item, either as part of the story or as an unlockable Easter egg. The expansion Portable Ops Plus, however, does include the ability to take pictures in online mode.


 * There is no mandatory battle against a group of enemy soldiers.


 * The Tuxedo, or a similar suit, is not an unlockable/playable outfit.


 * Officially, the game does not have a word that signifies its theme, unlike Metal Gear Solid (GENE), Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty (MEME), Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater (SCENE), Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots (SENSE), Metal Gear Solid: Peace Walker (PEACE) and Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain (REVENGE).