Media influences on the Metal Gear series

Owing to Hideo Kojima's love of movies, the artistic direction of the Metal Gear series has often been influenced by film and television. This article lists some examples that have been directly cited by the games' developers as influences on their work, and the references that have been made to them.

007
The 007 series is cited by Kojima as the films that influenced him the most regarding the birth of Metal Gear. Secret missions on which hang the fate of the world, espionage action and solo infiltration all inspired the setting of the Metal Gear games.

Zero is revealed to be a major 007 fan in a radio conversation with Para-Medic. The same game also had Naked Snake remarking that he can't help but compare himself to 007 in a negative manner, which indirectly referenced that Naked Snake/Big Boss's design was inspired by Sean Connery, who was well known for the role of James Bond.

The prostatic hand worn by Zadornov and Big Boss is derived from Dr. Julius No.

24
The split screen views that are occasionally shown (such as prior to Naked Snake and Ocelot's duel in Bolshaya Past Crevice) in Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater, were cited by Kojima as being based on 24.

In the Metal Gear Solid: HD Collection, the trophy "Tell Me Where the Bomb Is", earned when CQC-interrogating an enemy, is derived from the series as well.

Kiefer Sutherland who portrays the show's protagonist Jack Bauer, voices Big Boss in the English versions of Metal Gear Solid V: Ground Zeroes and Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain.

Apocalypse Now
In the MGS3 Countdown, Kojima compared the Cobra Unit's use of emotion-based codenames to Colonel Kurtz's last words of "The horror... the horror..." in the film.

Richard Wagner's "Ride of the Valkyries" playing while Morpho inbounds in Ground Zeroes is derived from a scene of the film.

Akira
Shortly after Gray Fox fights Solid Snake in the lab in Metal Gear Solid, Gray Fox while undergoing painful discharges will suddenly "The Medicine!", referring to a scene from the anime movie Akira where Tetsuo demands for a stabilizer due to the instability of his psychokinetic powers beginning to mutate his arm.

Austin Powers
Kojima had stated that one element in Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty was inspired by the spy satire series Austin Powers, although he did not reveal which element. However, if the player positions a naked Raiden against a raised torture bed in Metal Gear Solid 2, and presses against it, he will raise his arms and the in-game camera will zoom out to a drink can in the foreground, its straw obscuring Raiden's crotch in a similar manner to scenes in the Austin Powers films.

A bonus scene in Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater, relating to EVA removing a transmitter implanted into Naked Snake by Ocelot in Tikhigornyj: Behind Waterfall, occasionally cut to their shadows undergoing a wrestling match/dance while their actual actions differed, referencing similar scenes that occurred throughout the Austin Powers franchise, in particular The Spy Who Shagged Me and Goldmember. Similarly, both Snake Eater and Austin Powers during these scenes had a soft jazzy bass beat with a drum beat for the soundtrack.

In the Metal Gear Solid 3: HD Edition, the name of the trophy/achievement, earned by defeating the Shagohod, is based on the titular character's catchphrase, "Shagadelic, baby!"

Criterion Collection Films
The spinning peace sign logo for loading scenes in Metal Gear Solid: Peace Walker is based on the spinning logo for the Criterion Collection.

2001: A Space Odyssey
Hal Emmerich's first name was derived from the antagonistic supercomputer, HAL 9000 from 2001: A Space Odyssey. He also implies that he was named after the computer.

Solid Snake's real name being "David" is partially inspired by the protagonist of the film 2001: A Space Odyssey, made more apparent in the Meryl Dies ending.

In Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty, the tanker and the computer terminal were named "Discovery" and Monolith (mistransliterated as "Monorith"), referring to the ship as well as the evolution-inducing object in 2001.

Para-Medic will discuss the film after saving in Metal Gear Solid 3.

Both Strangelove and Huey Emmerich mention the film to Big Boss in their briefing tapes, with it being implied that the doctors' previous discussions with one another on the film significantly improved their relationship. Huey considers naming his future child after the computer HAL.

In Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance, Doktor says "And here I thought you were going to bring me back a monolith!", after learning that Raiden's flight wouldn't break the thermosphere.

2001: A Space Odyssey is Hideo Kojima's all time favorite movie.

Crossfire
Portions of the plot for Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake, including Gray Fox and George Kasler's (originally George Kessler) names, Gray Fox and Natasha Markova failed romance and the latter's failed defection, Solid Snake's former CIA membership, and the plan to infiltrate Zanzibar Land, were similar to the book Crossfire from J.C. Pollock.

Crying Freeman: The Wind and the Crane
Elements of Meryl Silverburgh's character in Policenauts and to some extent Metal Gear Solid were taken from the character Kitche from the manga Crying Freeman: The Wind and the Crane

Dark Star
The iDroid's female voice was inspired by the computer from the 1970 film Dark Star, which also served as an inspiration for the Mother computer from Alien.

Django (1966 Italian film)
This film, alongside other Spaghetti Westerns, was the inspiration of the design and characterization of Revolver Ocelot.

Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb
The film heavily influenced the plot of Metal Gear Solid: Peace Walker. Also the name of Dr. Strangelove is taken from the film. In Metal Gear Solid, Revolver Ocelot at one point mentions riding the bomb all the way to history, alluding to a famous scene from the film where a bomber pilot after accidentally falling with the bomb when it was released, proceeded to cheer as if riding a horse cowboy style all the way to detonation.

Escape from New York
Kurt Russell's character, Snake Plissken, influenced the name of the original game's protagonist, Solid Snake. The name "Pliskin" is later used as an alias by Solid Snake in Metal Gear Solid 2.

Full Metal Jacket
The instruction manual for Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake contained the anonymous mercenary song "If I Die in a Combat Zone," a reference to Full Metal Jacket, which features a similar song.

The scene in which Sniper Wolf shoots Meryl Silverburgh in Metal Gear Solid was also influenced by the film.

The Fury
Psycho Mantis' powers were inspired by another fictional psychic character from the 1978 film The Fury, for which Kojima told his motion designer to watch a scene in which a man flies.

Ghostbusters
The Electromagnetic Wave Gun's properties mirror the use of the Proton Packs in the first Ghostbusters, particularly the climax where the titular main characters were forced to merge the Proton Packs' energy streams to seal Gozer's dimension away.

The achievement/trophy for taking a clear photograph of the ghost in Hold 2 during the Tanker Chapter in the HD Collection version of Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty, "Who Ya Gonna Call?", is a reference to the theme song for the film.

The Great Escape
Kojima cited The Great Escape as a large influence on the development of the original Metal Gear, in which the character attempts to run away and escape without a fight, while avoiding the sight of the enemy. The Great Escape also acted as the in-universe inspiration for Major Zero's codename handle during the Virtuous Mission, "Major Tom."

The Guns of Navarone
The idea of an indomitable warrior with special skills, infiltrating a fortress and accomplishing an impossible mission to destroy a powerful new weapon, were all influences on Metal Gear. The background of Captain Keith Mallory, such as his fluency in multiple languages and his being an expert rock climber, inspired that of Solid Snake. Kojima was particularly impressed by the scene depicting the main characters stealthily scaling a cliff, which is echoed in the openings of both Metal Gear 2 and Metal Gear Solid V: Ground Zeroes.

Lethal Weapon
Solid Snake's transceiver/dialogue portrait in the original release of Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake was modeled after Mel Gibson's character of Martin Riggs from Lethal Weapon.

The Mummy
The ghostly faces made by The Fury's death throes were taken from the 1996 remake of The Mummy, where the titular antagonist Imhotep conjures a sandstorm bearing his face (and in the case of the sequel, a wave of water).

North by Northwest
Alfred Hitchcock's compositional arrangement and the camera work in North by Northwest and other films inspired Kojima's directing style in Metal Gear Solid. Like Hitchcock, Kojima limited the player's perspective through various camera views to create a sense of unity with the character and the tension of infiltration, made possible by switching between the first person view and the objective view (mostly a bird's-eye perspective), and the corner view camera that visualizes the distance between the player character and the enemy.

Pink Panther
The style of humor for the Metal Gear franchise was derived from the Pink Panther film franchise.

Planet of the Apes
Kojima's impressions of the anti-war themes in Planet of the Apes inspired the inclusion of his own anti-war messages in the Metal Gear Solid games.

Predator
Jungle Evil's name in the original release for Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake, Predator, and to some extent George Kasler's description of Jungle Evil, alluded to the creatures from the film franchise of the same name.

Colonel Volgin's actions aboard the Hind in the ending of the Virtuous Mission in Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater were specifically requested by Hideo Kojima to be modeled after Carl Weathers' character of George Dillon from Predator. In addition, the HD Collection version of the same game had a trophy/achievement unlocked after beating The Fear, "If It Bleeds, We Can Kill It", that referenced a line by Arnold Schwartzenegger's character from Predator regarding the titular creature.

Pulp Fiction
In an optional Codec conversation during Chapter R-05, Courtney Collins attempts to tell the "ketchup joke" from the film before Raiden mentions that he had heard it before.

Running Man
The Metal Gear 2 Solid Snake boss Running Man was based on the Arnold Schwarzenegger film of the same name.

Rambo
The design for Roy Campbell was inspired by Richard Crenna's portrayal of Colonel Samuel Trautman.

Robocop
The drug narc from Policenauts, and by extension, the soda of the same name from Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots, was derived from the drug "Nuke" from Robocop 2.

Kevin Washington's claim that Detroit was the first American city to privatize the Police force and comprise it with cyborgs in Metal Gear Rising Revengeance was a reference to the Robocop franchise's premise.

Seven Samurai
Hideo Kojima cited the beginning of the game Metal Gear Solid: Peace Walker as being reminiscent of Seven Samurai at Tokyo Game Show 2009.

Silent Running
Huey Emmerich's nickname was derived from the crippled service robot from the film, as a stealth insult towards his being crippled.

Star Wars
The Boss's post-mortem advice for Naked Snake to remember the basics of CQC when fighting Ocelot for the final time was taken directly from Obi-Wan's communicating with Luke in the climax of Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope.

In Metal Gear Solid 4, Solid Snake briefly compares Liquid Ocelot's Outer Haven to the Death Star.

In Metal Gear Solid 2: Bande Dessinée, Solid Snake says, "Great shot kid, that was one in a million" to Raiden after the harrier jet is shot down. Han Solo also said this line in Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope.

The Terminator
The cover art for the original Metal Gear was taken directly from a screencap of Michael Behn's character of Kyle Reese in The Terminator. In addition, the Bloody Brads from the same game were a direct reference to the titular characters from the same film. In the original releases of the game, the references were more explicit with their being named "Arnold," referring to Arnold Schwarzenegger, the action film actor, politician, and bodybuilder whose well known role is as the titular character.

The twist about Raiden not being Solid Snake was based on the plot twist that Schwarzenegger's Terminator was not the bad guy in Terminator 2: Judgment Day.

In the Secret Theater film, Metal Gear Solid: Snake Eraser, Raiden attempts to travel to the past to kill Naked Snake (and later his son, Solid Snake) so he could become the main character of the series, mirroring the main plotline of The Terminator franchise, which dealt with the titular character trying to kill the main protagonist (Sarah Connor in the first film, and John Connor in future installments) in order to prevent the birth of the one who will lead the human resistance into defeating Skynet in a dark future. Coincidentally, at one point in the film, Raiden briefly spies Naked Snake inside of a cell in Groznyj Grad with a head-up display vision mirroring that of the titular antagonist/protagonist.

In Ground Zeroes, Raiden (by this point a Cyborg Ninja) goes back in time again, this time to aid Big Boss and the Militaires Sans Frontières in taking out several Body-Snatchers that were threatening Cuba and by extension the entire world, mirroring how future installments of Terminator had the titular cyborg traveling back in time to defend the main protagonist(s) (John Connor mainly) from another Terminator sent to kill him.

In the Make it Right viral marketing and to a lesser extent Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance itself, Raiden and other cyborgs point of view prominently displays data and graphs, mirroring the titular character's frequent usage of the HUD throughout the franchise.

Titanic
The characters of Raiden (real name Jack) and Rosemary were derived from the protagonistic love couple from the film.

The sinking Tanker in Metal Gear Solid 2 is also a reference of Titanic.

Twins
Liquid's line about having all the "flawed, recessive genes", and to some extent the entire premise of the Les Enfants Terribles project, was a reference to the comedy film Twins starring Arnold Schwartzenegger and Danny DeVito, playing the roles of Julius and Vincent Benedict, the perfect and flawed twin, respectively.

Westworld
Master Miller's redesign in Peace Walker was derived from the airline pilot in the film, according to Hideo Kojima.

The X-Files
Olga Gurlukovich's aliases while using the Cyborg Ninja moniker of Deepthroat and later Mr. X in Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty, and to a lesser extent Gray Fox's own usage of the Deepthroat alias in Metal Gear Solid, was a reference to two informants of FBI Agents Muller and Scully from the Sci-Fi series The X-Files.